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\r\n\r\n {{ value }} Mtce\r\n
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\r\n\r\n Global coal demand rebounded strongly in 2021 to 5 640 million tonnes\r\n of coal equivalent (Mtce) as economies recovered from the pandemic and\r\n coal-fired power generation reached a historic high in 2021. The\r\n outlook for coal is heavily dependent on the strength of the world’s\r\n resolve to address climate change.\r\n
\r\n\r\n In the Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS), global coal\r\n demand declines by around 30% to 2050 but declines are much faster in\r\n advanced economies.\r\n
\r\n\r\n In the Announced Pledges Scenario (APS), global coal\r\n demand falls by 20% to 2030 and by 70% to 2050. Demand in advanced\r\n economies declines by 65% to 2030 as coal use in the power and\r\n industry sectors falls rapidly. Coal demand peaks in China in the\r\n early 2020s and in India in the late 2020s.\r\n
\r\n\r\n In the NZE Scenario, global coal demand falls by 45%\r\n to 2030, with a 75% decline in advanced economies and a 40% decline in\r\n emerging market and developing economies. Unabated coal use drops by\r\n 99% between 2021 and 2050, and in 2050 just under 90% of remaining\r\n coal power generation comes from plants equipped with CCUS.\r\n
\r\n\r\n China remains by far the most influential market for coal throughout\r\n the outlook.\r\n
\r\n\r\n Steam coal is mainly used for heat and electricity where it is\r\n increasingly replaced by renewables. Declines in coking coal are\r\n smaller than in steam coal in all scenarios, because coking coal is\r\n mainly used in steel making where there are fewer readily available\r\n alternatives.\r\n
\r\n\r\n In the APS, steam coal falls by just over 20% to 2030\r\n as a result of efforts to reduce emissions from the power sector,\r\n while the declines in coking coal mainly stem from fuel switching and\r\n energy efficiency improvements.\r\n
\r\nIn the NZE, both steam and coking coal decline rapidly to 2030.
\r\n\r\n Traditional use of biomass falls as people gain access to clean\r\n cooking, while modern bioenergy grows, mainly in the power sector and\r\n for biofuel production.\r\n
\r\n\r\n In the NZE Scenario, bioenergy resources are responsibly managed and\r\n do not compete with other land uses.\r\n
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